Property Protection and Security Department

https://www.osym.gov.tr/TR,1371/tanimlar.html

Definitions

Higher education: All levels of education, based on secondary education and encompassing at least four semesters. Higher education includes associate, undergraduate, and graduate degrees.

Associate Degree: It is a higher education program that covers four semesters based on secondary education and aims to train intermediate manpower, that is, it constitutes the first stage of undergraduate education.

Undergraduate: This is a higher education program that includes at least eight semesters (four years) of secondary education. Undergraduate education is offered through formal, open, and external programs. These types of education are defined below.

Formal Education: It is a type of education in which students are required to attend courses and practices throughout the education period.

Open Education: It is a type of education provided to students through radio, television and educational tools.

Evening Program: Some higher education institutions offer programs equivalent to some of the regular formal, associate, and undergraduate programs, and these programs are offered outside of formal education hours (evenings, weekends). Students accepted into these programs, called evening programs, pay higher tuition fees than regular students. Evening program students cannot transfer to regular programs.

Postgraduate: Includes master's, doctorate, medical specialization and artistic competency education.

Master's (science specialization, master's, master's degree in engineering, master's degree in architecture): This higher education program requires at least two semesters of undergraduate education, 12 credits, and a thesis demonstrating the results of research in the field. Doctorate: This higher education program encompasses at least six semesters of undergraduate education or four semesters of graduate education, and aims to present the results of original research.

Medical Specialization: It is a higher education program conducted in accordance with the principles set by the Ministry of Health and aims to provide medical doctors with special skills and authority in certain fields.

Proficiency in Arts: It is a postgraduate higher education equivalent at the doctoral level, covering at least six semesters of undergraduate and four semesters of graduate programs, aiming to produce an original work of art and superior application and creativity in music and performing arts.

The higher education institutions and their definitions that provide education at the levels described above are given below.

University: The basic unit of higher education institutions, universities consist of faculties, colleges, conservatories, vocational schools, institutes, and their subdivisions. There are currently 54 universities in Turkey (See Chapter 4).

Faculty: A higher education institution that conducts high-level education, scientific research, and publications within the university and to which units may be affiliated. For example, Ankara University Faculty of Language, History, and Geography.

College: A higher education institution that focuses on education and training for a specific profession and is affiliated with a faculty or directly with the rectorate. For example, Cumhuriyet University School of Nursing or Gazi University School of Economics and Administrative Sciences' Faculty of Finance-Vocational School.

The following academic units are found in faculties and colleges:

Science Branch-Art Branch: A science branch or art branch is the smallest academic unit where education, training, research and application activities are carried out in a certain field of science or art.

Department-Main Art Branch: A department or main art branch is an academic unit where education, training, practice and research activities are carried out, covering more than one, closely related, science or art branch in at least many places.

Department: A department is a unit of education, scientific research, and application within faculties and higher education institutions, consisting of major sciences and art branches that complement or are closely related to each other and form a unified whole in terms of purpose, scope, and quality. Major sciences and art branches are comprised of branches of science and art.

Conservatory: An institution of higher education that trains artists in music and the performing arts. For example, Hacettepe University Faculty of Fine Arts Ankara State Conservatory or Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkish Music State Conservatory.

Vocational School: It is a higher education institution that provides 2-year and 4-semester education and training, aiming to train intermediate manpower for certain professions.

Institute: An institution of higher education comprised of related disciplines that provide graduate-level education. For example, a social sciences institute at a university provides graduate education in all social science disciplines within that university.

Program: The educational activities (theoretical, practical courses, internships, etc.) conducted by academic units. Programs can be offered at the associate, undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral levels. Some of the associate and undergraduate programs listed in the ÖSYM guide are faculty-level (medicine, law, theology), some are department-level (psychology, sociology), and a significant portion are department-level programs.

More than one program can be opened in a department or major.

Preparatory School: At universities where the language of instruction is English, the language proficiency of newly enrolled students is determined through a proficiency exam. Students who pass this exam begin their studies in the programs to which they are placed by ÖSYM. Those who fail receive English language instruction. Those who successfully complete this program can begin their education in the main field.

At some universities, the language of instruction is generally Turkish, while certain programs are taught in a foreign language. Those enrolled in these programs are also required to attend foreign language preparatory training. Some universities with Turkish as their language of instruction offer a year of foreign language instruction to students who wish to do so. Whether compulsory or not, the duration of foreign language instruction is not included in the compulsory undergraduate education period.

Summer School: Some university faculties or departments offer instruction during the summer months. The aims of summer school are to reduce the overload of courses taken by large numbers of students, to ensure the participation of faculty members who can only be used during the summer months, and to help students who are failing certain courses complete their requirements and graduate on time.

Horizontal Transfer: Students who have completed at least two semesters of study in their current program, excluding preparatory classes (if applicable), may transfer to a program similar to their original program, either within their own university or at another university, provided they are successful and have not been dismissed from the university due to disciplinary action. Horizontal transfer requirements and quotas are determined by the relevant departments in accordance with regulations.

It is given in the regulation regulating horizontal transfers at associate and undergraduate levels by the Council of Higher Education.

Double Major Programs: Some universities offer programs that allow students to complete a bachelor's degree in a program similar in subject matter to their primary program, either within the same faculty or at another faculty, during their undergraduate studies. This allows them to earn bachelor's degrees in both fields within the four-year undergraduate program. For example, some courses in the psychology program and the sociology program are shared. A student in the psychology program can earn bachelor's degrees in psychology and sociology after four years by also taking courses specific to the sociology program. This practice is currently implemented at Abant İzzet Baysal University, Boğaziçi University, and Middle East Technical University.

Teaching staff who provide education in higher education institutions are faculty members, lecturers, instructors and teaching assistants.

Faculty Members: Professors, associate professors and assistant professors are referred to as faculty members.

Professor: A person who is engaged in high-level research, education and management activities and holds the highest academic title.

Associate Professor: A person who has conducted original scientific studies and passed the associate professorship exam.

Assistant Professor: A person with a first-level academic title who has successfully completed his/her doctoral studies and has acquired a certificate of competence and authority in medical specialization or certain branches of art.

Lecturer: A person who is known for his/her work in a certain field and is assigned to teach at universities.

Lecturer: A faculty member who teaches or implements one of the courses (e.g. history of revolution) determined as a common compulsory course in all curricula during the education period.

Teaching Assistants: Research assistants, experts, translators and education planners assigned to higher education institutions for certain periods of time.

Individuals who hold the highest-level administrative positions in higher education institutions are known as rectors in universities, deans in faculties, directors in colleges, conservatories, and institutes, and department heads in departments. Rectors and deans are required to hold the title of professor. The department head is a professor, or in the absence of a professor, one of the other faculty members.

Mülkiyet Koruma ve Güvenlik Bölümü

Property Protection and Security Department